CBSE 12th Physics Assertion and Reason Questions: Physics is one of the most concept-based subjects in Class 12, and assertion and reason type questions have become an important part of the board exam. Now CBSE is more focused on application-based and reasoning-oriented learning instead of rote memorisation. Assertion and Reason type questions are designed to test how well students understand concepts, apply them, and use logical reasoning. Instead of just memorising facts, students need to analyse whether the given Assertion is correct and if the Reason provided explains it properly. This type of assessment helps students think deeply, analyse information, and improve problem-solving skills. Practising these questions regularly helps in improving accuracy, speed, and confidence. They also prepare students for competitive exams like JEE and NEET, where such application-based questions are common. In this article, we have provided CBSE 12th Physics Assertion and Reason Questions with Answers to help students strengthen their preparation and score better in exams.
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What are CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason Questions 2026?
CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason questions go beyond textbook theory and memorised concepts. These questions are designed to check whether students can connect cause-and-effect relationships between two related statements. These types of questions have now become an important part of the exam pattern. They test not only students’ knowledge of facts but also their ability to understand relationships between concepts and apply logical reasoning. Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason questions are designed to test a student’s ability to:
- Understand core physics concepts and apply them logically rather than relying on rote learning
- Evaluate whether the given Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
- Analyse relationships between concepts rather than simply recalling facts.
- Use critical thinking and logical reasoning to determine the truth or falsity of both statements.
How to Get More Than 90% Marks in CBSE 12 Board Exam, Subject-wise Study Plan & Preparation Strategy
CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason Question Format
According to the CBSE Class 12 Physics Paper Pattern 2026, the paper includes:
- 4 Assertion and Reason-based questions, carrying 1 mark each.
- In Section A of the question paper
- In Assertion & Reason questions, there are two statements given:
Assertion (A): A statement presented as a fact. It may be true or false.
Reason (R): A supporting statement which may or may not correctly explain the Assertion. It can also be true or false.
Mainly, the students need to identify:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.
These questions require students to understand the “why” behind every concept and solve accordingly.
Tips to Solve Physics Assertion and Reason Questions Effectively
To solve CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason Questions effectively, first read the question carefully and understand both the statements given. Break the question into small parts and check the Assertion and Reason separately to see whether each is true or false, and whether the Reason statement explains the Assertion or not. Practise similar questions regularly to improve speed and accuracy. Here are some expert tips for solving Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason questions effectively:
1. Read Both Statements Carefully: Understand the meaning of the Assertion and the Reason separately before comparing them.
2. Check the Truth of Each Statement: First, decide if the Assertion is true or false, then check the Reason independently.
3. Find the Relationship: If both are true, see whether the Reason correctly explains the Assertion (cause-and-effect).
4. Eliminate Wrong Options: If confused, rule out obviously incorrect choices to narrow down the answer.
5. Practice from Sample Papers and Past Year Papers: Use the CBSE Sample Paper 2025 and previous years’ board papers to practice similar case-based questions.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason Question
Let’s look at an example to understand how these questions appear:
Two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Which of the following options is correct for the given statements?
Q. No.1: Assertion (A): Mass of a body increases slightly when it is negatively charged.
Reason (R): Charging is due to transfer of protons only.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No.2: Assertion: All free charges are integral multiples of a basic unit of charge i.e. charge on an electron or a proton.
Reason: Electric field lines start from negative charge and terminate at positive charge.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No.3: Assertion: A finite-size charged body may behave like a point charge if it produces an inverse square electric field.
Reason: Two charged bodies may be considered as point charges if their distance of separation is very large compared to their dimensions.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 4: Assertion: The sum of total current entering a junction is equal to the sum of total current leaving the junction.
Reason: Kirchhoff’s junction rule is based on the law of conservation of charge.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 5: Assertion: Potentiometer wire is generally made up of constantan-manganin alloy.
Reason: Constantan-manganin has a very high temperature coefficient.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 6: Assertion: A Magnetic field is produced by moving charge(s).
Reason: The magnetic field in the central region of the solenoid is uniform.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 7: Assertion: Parallel currents attract and anti-parallel currents repel each other (in conductor).
Reason: Magnetic force always acts on a currying conductor in the direction of the flow of current.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: C. A is true, but R is false.
Q. No. 8: Assertion: Net capacitance decreases in the series combination of capacitors.
Reason: The charges get divided and reduced in the series combination.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 9: Assertion (A): Magnetic moment is a scalar quantity.
Reason (R): Magnetic lines of force emanate from N-pole and enter into S-pole outside the magnet.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Q. No. 10: Assertion (A): Eddy currents can be used in induction brakes.
Reason (R): The direction of eddy currents can be obtained by using Lenz's law.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: D. A is false, but R is true.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Assertion and Reason Question PDF [Free]
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Common Mistakes to Avoid In Physics Assertion and Reason Questions
Many students lose marks in Physics Assertion and Reason questions because of small but avoidable mistakes. Knowing these mistakes in advance can help you approach such questions with more confidence and accuracy.
- Not reading both statements carefully: Skipping keywords like “always,” “never,” or “only” can change the meaning of the question.
- Assuming the Reason is correct without checking: Always verify both statements independently first.
- Confusing correlation with cause: Just because both statements are true doesn’t mean the Reason explains the Assertion.
- Relying on memorisation only: These questions test understanding; revise concepts and applications instead of rote learning.
- Not practising enough: Lack of practice with previous year and sample papers reduces speed and accuracy.
- Lack of practice: These questions are relatively new, and many students aren’t used to them yet.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26
The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has released the Physics Syllabus for Class 12 Science streams for the 2025-26 academic year. This Physics Syllabus outlines the course structure, chapters, and topics that students will need to study in the subject. The CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus covers a wide range of topics, including Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents, Electromagnetic waves, and Optics. It is divided into units with specific weightage, helping students plan their preparation effectively. The unit-wise chapters and weightage are provided below :
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Marks |
| I | Electrostatics |
16 |
| II | Current Electricity | |
| III | Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism |
17 |
| IV | Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents | |
| V | Electromagnetic waves |
18 |
| VI | Optics | |
| VII | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter |
12 |
| VIII | Atoms and Nuclei | |
| XI | Electronic Devices | 7 |
| Total | 70 | |
| Practical | 30 |
Check the latest and detailed CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2025-26; Check Latest Unit-wise Weightage, Download PDF.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Exam Pattern 2025
CBSE has released the exam pattern and marking scheme for the 2025-26 academic year. The board followed the same exam pattern and marking scheme as in 2024-25. The CBSE Class 12 Physics board exam consisted of a theory paper of 70 marks and a Practical of 30 marks. The question paper was divided into five different sections:
| Section | Question Type | Number of Questions | Marks |
| A | Multiple Choice Questions & Assertion and Reason Questions (1 mark) | 16 | 16 |
| B | Very Short Answer (2 mark) | 5 | 10 |
| C | Short Answer (3 marks) | 7 | 21 |
| D | Case Study-Based Questions (4 marks) | 2 | 8 |
| E | Long Answer (5 marks) | 3 | 15 |
| Total | 33 | 70 | |
Check the latest and detailed CBSE Class 12th Physics Exam Pattern 2025-26 with Marking Scheme.